TESTING GROUND CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE BURIED SENSOR WIRELESS LORAWAN SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

Abstract. Long-range, low-power, wide-area network modulation technique (LoRa) is already used in a variety of fields, such as agriculture and healthcare, to reliably transmit small amount data above ground. Research measuring the reliability signal strength LoRa devices underground, however, rare. The purpose this study test from shallow-depth, underground conditions. experiments are divided into two parts. first experiment tries determine relationship between device depth underground. second soil moisture content. experimental results compared with Modified-Friis model CRIM-Fresnel model. show decreasing trend increasing depth. clay weaker than sand. However, demonstrate that sand increases strengthens. In clay, weakens.